EPISTEMOLOGY

 

  What is it? Hermeneutics is the art of interpreting texts, the term hermeneutics refers to Greek mythology, that is, to Hermes, the messenger of the gods, to whom is attributed the creation of that which serves understanding among human beings: language and writing. The word hermeneutics also alludes to the art of understanding. Philosophers: Wilhelm Dilthey (1833 - 1911), a Philosophers, historian, sociologist, psychologist and hermeneutics scholar, focused on the study of interpretations and meaning of texts of German origin. Friedrich Scheleiermacher (1967) criticized hermeneutics for its unity and proposed a series of basic principles for interpretation.    Martin Heidegger (1974) affirms that hermeneutics is not a method that can be designed, he also maintains that the human being is an interpretative being. Theorists:   Hans-Georg Gadamer (1984) thinks that we will never have an objective knowledge of the meaning of a text or of anything else.  ...

  Is divided into two parts which are: Method and reason. Criticism and enlightened reason. 1. Method and reason  For historians and philosophers of science such as Mardones (1991), it is in the 17th century that the question of method in the construction of knowledge becomes central, hence the relevance of Descartes' work and his text On Method (1637) (1983). The question of method synthesizes the debates in the West on the production of episteme or the creation of reflective knowledge in the Greek sense and of science in the Galilean sense as the production of knowledge from experimentation. In the first sense, method is assumed as a method of demonstration based on the argumentation of ideas. Here, to think about method is to approach questions of reasoning and theorization. With this academic pretension, the method entails the search for coherentist truths, that is, coherently argued truths. Therefore, the method implies non-contradiction in the arguments, in the corre...

  Nineteenth century positivism Nineteenth-century positivism, represented by Comte and Durkheim, proposes a way of producing knowledge based on empirical demonstration and causal explanation of social facts. For this epistemological current, only that which comes close to the objectivity and generalization of the natural sciences can be considered science. Taking up the ideas of his intellectual father, the Count of Saint-Simon, Comte will proclaim that the sciences are governed by the passage of three historical and cognitive stages: The second important thinker in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for the foundation of positivism is Émile Durkheim, a French sociologist who establishes, in his well-known text The Rules of Sociological Method (1895), the methodological pillars for the successful completion of scientific research. For him these would be the basic rules: The logical positive It aims to overcome the nineteenth century by focusing it’s research on empiric...

BIOGRAPY OF PLATON  He was probably born in Athens around 429 BC. Plato studied mathematics, music and painting and was taught by Cratylus, a disciple of Heraclitus. Socrates was tried and condemned to death. After the death of his teacher Plato made several trips, he moved to Megara and Cyrene and then went to Italy and finally began to travel to Syracuse, capital of Sicily, however, the trips that marked his life were to Syracuse. His first trip to the capital of Sicily was around 389 BC. In this trip he met Dion who was a political relative of Dionysius I, tyrant of Syracuse, a strong relationship between Plato and Dion arose, however he had to leave Syracuse when in 387 he had problems with the tyrant Dionysius, in that same year on his return to Athens he founded the Academy, an academic institution where geometricians, politicians, doctors and professionals from all fields met in order to dialogue, to reach the truth through Plato's philosophical method of dialectics. Aft...

 It is the study of the foundations and methods of scientific knowledge. It takes into account historical, social and psychological factors in order to determine the process of knowledge construction, its justification and veracity.